Which virus is known to lie dormant in the skin and can be triggered by various factors?

The herpes simplex virus is known for its ability to establish latency within the body, particularly in the skin and nervous system. After an initial infection, the virus can become dormant in nerve cells, specifically in the ganglia. It does not completely vanish but remains inactive, avoiding detection by the immune system.

Triggers such as stress, illness, sun exposure, or other factors can reactivate the virus, leading to symptoms like cold sores or genital herpes, depending on the strain involved. This characteristic of dormancy followed by periodic reactivation is a defining feature of the herpes simplex virus, distinguishing it from other viruses mentioned in the question.

In contrast, HIV is a retrovirus that targets the immune system, influenza is an airborne virus that tends to cause acute respiratory infections, and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) can lead to persistent infections but does not exhibit the same dormancy pattern as herpes simplex. Therefore, the herpes simplex virus stands out for its capability to lie dormant and reactivate under certain conditions.